Topic+Outline

= 23: The United States and the Early Cold War =

= a) Origins of the Cold War =
 * U.S. is a capitalist-democracy, while the Soviet Union was a communist nation. They were complete opposites.

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 * Following WWII the U.S. and the Soviet Union disagreed on the postwar world. U.S. wanted a postwar world in which an international body would oversee democratic processes between countries.
 * The Soviet Union wanted to maintain traditional processes+wanted world powers to control areas of importance to them.
 * **Tehran Conference 1943** Stalin, Churchill+Roosevelt decide not to answer the issue of Poland. Roosevelt wanted to allow the exiled government living in Poland back into government. Stalin wanted to have the exiled pro-communism government back into power in Poland.
 * Disagreements on how Germany would be split. Soviet Union wanted payments from the Germans.

= b) Truman and containment =
 * Containment policy established by Truman on 3/12/1947 when Truman appeared before Congress+declared he wanted to stop Soviet expansion.
 * **The Marshall Plan-** was a plan to aid the economic reconstruction of Western Europe. The U.S. supplied over 12$ billion in aid to European countries on the brink of falling to Communism.
 * **National Security Act of 1947- gave the president more powers to pursue American goals through the CIA or with the creation of the 1st hydrogen bomb.**

= c) The Cold War in Asia: China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan =
 * **Armed forced of communist North Korea launched an invasion of the noncommunist south.**
 * **Korean War(1950)- Long, costly, unpopular and contained a great deal of military setbacks and frustrations.** U.S> worked through the United Nations+drove the North Koreans out of the South keeping peninsula separated.
 * In the late 1960s more and more Americans became opposed to the war especially following 1968 and the Tet Offensive when North Vietnamese troops attacked South Vietnam.
 * The NSC-68 Document that affirmed that the U.S. would establish peace treaties within Japan that would create American military bases in Japan.


 * 1) =d) Diplomatic strategies and policies of the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations =
 * John F. Kennedy used the process of containment to make sure the Soviet Union's influence did not increase too drastically.
 * He created AID to coordinate foreign aid, established the Peace Corps. **Kennedy wanted to counter Soviet expansion in the 3rd world.** Attempted to train ant-Castro rebels, but the affair failed and was known as the **Bay of Pigs** fiasco when U.S. did not provided support to them.
 * Eisenhower was more oriented towards atomic weapons. He also began assaulting the Castro government w/in Cuba.

= e) The Red Scare and McCarthyism =
 * Joseph McCarty was a Republican senator from Wisconsin who became the nation's most prominent leader of the crusadee against domestic subversion.
 * A great deal of American public official were questioned by McCarthy on whether or not they had communist sympathies.
 * **McCarthy provided Republicans with a growing fear of communism, and animosity towards communism.**
 * **He also frightened anyone from challenging him.**
 * [[image:http://wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/wps/media/objects/1693/1733989/images/Resources/w066.jpg caption="Example of the propaganda against communism during the cold war."]]

= f) Impact of the Cold War on American society =
 * Increased anticommunist hysteria by many Americans.
 * Any American or public official who was a communist or thought to be a communist was persecuted, questioned and some were thrown into jail.
 * Weakened the power of Truman and the Democratic party and opened the gates for Dwight Eisenhower's election(Republican).
 * Displayed that following WWII there were 2 great world powers left over.