James+Monroe's+Presidency

=The Presidency of James Monroe=

Personal Details

 * **5th president( 1817-1825) ;** [[image:http://www.bartleby.com/124/monroe.gif align="right"]]**a republican+former secretary of state for James Madison.**
 * Served as a soldier in American Revolution, former diplomat+cabinet officer.
 * Entered office at 61 years young during the "Era of Good Feeling" a period of economic growth, settlement in the West, nationalism & creation of new states.
 * He was part of the "Virginia Dynasty", a succession of presidents since 1800 that were from Virginia.


 * 1) **The end of the War of 1812 meant the U.S. had no international disputes & Monroe wanted to take advantage of the nations post war prosperity.** He made his cabinet bipartisan by including northerners, southerners, easterners, westerners, republicans+federalists in his cabinet.
 * Federalist party ceased to exist beginning in 1820 when Monroe was elected without opposition.

=**The Missouri Compromise of 1819 **=

=The Panic of 1819 = =**Monroe Doctrine of the 1820s **=
 * Occurred following a huge demand for American farm goods in Europe, which drove up the prices for farmers.
 * Rising prices for farm goods resulted in a land boom, land prices soared, as did speculative investment due to easy credit to settlers+speculators from the government.
 * In 1819 new leaders at the national bank began calling in loans+foreclosing mortgages.
 * State banks began to fail+ financial panic followed. Americans particularly Western Americans blamed the national bank.**The panic ignited debate over the existence of the national bank.**
 * **Some citizens saw the panic a sign that rapid economic+territorial expansion would destabilize the nation+threaten the nation's survival. Regardless, By 1820 Americans were concerned w/ growth+expansion+how to encourage & control it. **
 * 1) ﻿After War of 1812 U.S. established trade w/ Latin America rivaling Great Britain. U.S. proclaimed neutrality but sent ships+supplies to rebels of Spanish rule. **U.S. felt supporting Latin rebels against Spain would strengthen U.S. trade w/ Latin America. (Less competition)**
 * 2) Monroe Doctrine- James Madison considered any European attempt to colonize and intervene in Latin America as a threat to the U.S. Monroe also stated the U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of Europe.
 * 3) **The Monroe Doctrine was important as an expression of the nationalism of the 1820s. It established the notion of the U.S. as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere.**

=Nationalism in the Supreme Court& John Marshall=
 * 1) Chief Justice John Marshall (1801-1835 ) he strengthened the Judicial branch while weakening the other branches, increased the power of the government rather than states+aided the wealthier, commercial classes.
 * 2) //Fletcher v. Peck (1810)-// Marshall held that a land grant was a valid contract and could not be repealed regardless of if corruption was involved.
 * 3) //Darthmouth College v. Woodward (1819)-// **expanded meaning of contract clause of constitution. Marshall's decision placed restrictions on the ability of state governments to control corporations.**
 * 4) //McCulloch v.Anderson(1819)-// defended the constitutionality of the Bank of the U.S. citing "necessary and proper clause" of the Constitution.
 * 5) //Cohens v. Virginia (1821)-// Marshall reinforced federal review of state court decisions.
 * 6) //Gibbons v. Ogden(1824)-// **Strengthened Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce. Ruled in favor of Gibbons who had a steamboat license from Congress.**
 * 7) **His decisions protected corporations, and were designed to promote economic growth w/in the U.S.**

=**Why My President is the best**=
 * James Madison...sorry I always get those two confused... James Monroe should be considered the best president because he was lucky enough to have James Marshall with him and they established the U.S. government's role as a regulator of the economy, and gave them an increased role in economic growth. The Batman and Robin of the 1820s helped establish the foundation for government intervention and power that would be important for even bigger disasters such as the Great Depression(makes the panic of 1819 look like a cakewalk).**

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